Circuit-controlling device.



W. B. HUGHES.

GIRQUIT CONTROLLING DEVICE. APPLIOATIQK FILED 11111.20, 1911.

1,016,268. 4 Patented Feb. 6,1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITQHZSS i Q I INVENTOR v V wflh mBH gl-gs ATTORNEYS 555 M ke/3W,

W. B. HUGHE CIRCUIT CONTROLLING APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 2 1,016,268, Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

W/ITNESSESI VENTOR' 4% Z 5- 5* W11}? HER ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

"WILLIAM B, HUGHES, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

CIRCUIT-CONTROLLING DEVICE.

Application filed January 20, 1911.

To all whom-2'2. may concern: 1

Be it known that, I, VVILLIAM' B. Hnorins, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Edsel: and State of New Jersey, have invmted certain new and useful Improvements in Circuit-(Jon trolling Devices; and I do hereby declare the'following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it .appertalns to make and use the same, referenoe being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form' a part of this specl- The present invention relates, generally,

to improvements -.in electric fire-alarms or heat indicating devices; and, this invention has reference, more particularly, to a-novel device orapparatus which is automatic in its operation in closing an electric circuit.

to sound an alarm, when the said device or apparatus is subjected to abnormal heat, but which maintains the said electric circuit interrupted or broken under a wide variat-ion or fluctuation ofnormal temperature, J i

The present invention, therefore, has for its principal object to provide a novel and simply constructed device or-implement, which'normally maintains an electric circuit interrupted or broken; but, which in case of fire, or the generation of excessive or sudden heat, is caused to act automat-i-.

cally to close said electric circuit, whereby' an alarm, as a bell, or the like, maybe sounded ,to give warning, or by means of which suitable sprinkler-devices may be set in operation. The said device or apparatus may be used alsoQin connection with" any well-known types of alarms and indicators, so that in large buildings the exact location of the fire, or the abnormal condition of temperature may be readily ascertained.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple, neat, small, and inconspicuous construction of device of the char- .acter herein-above set forth, which may be placed-in rooms,or other places, as a fireprotective accessory, the same bein easily adjusted and arranged in. its operative condition.

A .further object of the present invention" is to provide a means for testing the said novel dev1ces, when the same are installed so as to assure thatthe electrical connections v Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

feet working order and condition.

()ther objects of this invention not at this time more particularly enumerated will be clearly understood from the following detailed description of my present invention. 1th thevarious objects of my present invention in view, the invention consists, primarily, in the novel device or apparatus of the general character hereinafter more fully specified; and, the invention consists, furthermore, in the novel arrangements and combinations of the various devices and parts," as well aas in the details of the construction of the same, all of which will be more fully described in the following specificat-ion and then finally embodied in the clauses of the claim which are appended thereto, and which form an essential part of the said specification.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a iront elevation or face view of the novel device or apparatus embodying Serial No. 603,697.

and alarmsconnected therewith are in perthe principles of the present invention; and

ployed in all of the hereinaboye --described views, to indicate corresponding parts.

Referring now to the several figures of the drawings, the reference-character l indicates one embodiment ofa complete device or apparatus made according to'the principles of the present. invention, the same com prising a hollow "cylindrical body-portion 2, said portion providing an air chamber 3.

Said cylindrical bodyportion 2 is perma-i nently closed at its lower end with a suitably arranged closure, as 4, which provided with asuitable buckle or bulge 5, the

looking in the direction of the arrow purpose of which will be subsequently more particularly setforth. The upper and open end of'said cylindrical body-portion 2 is interiorly threaded, so as to receive. the threaded portion 6, of diaphragm-carrier 7, and

secured in any suitable manner upon the inner end of said diaphragni-carricr, so as to stretch across the open end thereof, is a diaphragm-member 8. Said diaplnragm member may be constructed of any desirable or suitable material, although it has been demonstrated in practice, that some very tougli' and'thin' material, such as goldbeaters skin, provides a diaphragm-member of considerable toughness combined with a requisite degree of sensitivcness. Secured in any suitable manner in the upper end of electrical arrangement certain circuit-(dos ing elements. 'Said insulator-block 1 1 is preferably constructed or any suitable material; which is a non-conductor of electricity, an'dlhe same provided with a vertically extending and centrally disposed longitudinal opening or passage 15,-and suitably secured upon the vertical side of said insulator-blocl; ll is an annular metallic band or collar lt Secured in said insulatorwbloclr 14- is a pivot-stud 17. the same passing through said band or collar 16 and projecting outwardly therefrom, said pivotstud 17 being permitted to make a direct con-tact with said band or collar 16, so as to ,,establishan electrical conductive relation I between the several parts. Secured in said tor-sleeve 19.

insulator-block 1e, and upon the directly opposite sides thereof, is another piyohstud 1 8 which passes hrough said band or collar 16, but is insulated, from electrical contact therewith by means of a flanged insula- Secured upon the upper surface of said insinator block 14 is a contactplateQO, thesaine being provided with a suitable opening or perforation 21 which 12 ofthe sockebinc' 25, the upper and registers above the mouth of said opening or passage 15 in said insulator-block 1. L

Said contact-plate is provided with a turned-over portion 22 forming a springann'*i23, upon the upper slde of the free end ofwlnch is arranged a contactp1ece 221,

preferably made of platinum, and slidably arran ed iii-said l'iearmg or guuileportion' -ber 9 is a rod or stem *ee end of said rod or stem 25 umber-side of said spring-arm 23. Secured to the lower end of said rod or steinv 25 is a diaphragm-disk 26 which rests normally upon and in engage-- ment with said diapnragmuuemlier 8. Cannccled with the upp=-r marginal edge of said (Eilllit orband 13 ale he upwardly extending supporting arms 27 of a bridge-piece 2S, and adjustably mounted in said bridgepiece 28 is a screw-threaded stud 29, which carries upon its lower end a contact-making point 80, adapted to receive, under proper conditions, the contact of said contact-piece 21- carried by said spring-arm 23. Arranged upon said screw-threaded stud is a lcclcnut- 31 for locking the same in a desired adjusted position.

If desired, a suitable glass or other dustprotector-cap 32 may be arranged over the contact-making device herein-above described. The said cylindrical body-portion is also provided with a ventpipe 33, which connects with the air chamber 3, and. it desired, the passage or duct oi? said air-vent pipe 33 may be supplied with a packing 3st, of any desirable fibrous material, the same being adapted to permit a slow filtration of air in either direction. through said ventpipe but being adapted to check or obstruct any sudden or quick passage of air therethrough, as will beclearly evident. The means for supporting said cylindrical body 2 and the contact-making elements connected therewith comprises the following devices :Secured to a wall, or other desirable place, is an insulator-block 35;,"and connected with said. insulat0rblock 35, by means of a screw 36, 'or any other suitable fastening means, is a spring-bracket or arm 37, the same being provided with a receiving socket or perforation 38 adapted to receive in both supporting arrangement and electrical con tact said pivot-stud 17. The said springbracliet or arm 37 is provided with a screw 39, or other suitable device, providing a binding post for the attachment thereto of the one wire 40 of an electrical alarm or other circuit. In like manner, there is connected with said insulator-bloclr ,35, by means of a screw 4], or anybther suitable fastening means, another springbracket or arm 12, the same being insulated from electrical contact with said first-mentioned spring bracket or arm 37. Said spring bracket or arm 42 is provided with a receiv ing socket or perforation 43 adapted to rc- 'ccive in both supporting arrangement and electrical contact the said pivot-stud 18, said spring-bracket or arm 42 being provided with a screw 1 1, or other suitable device, in

the form of a' binding-post for the attach' ment thereto .01 a wire 45 of an electrical alarm or other circuit. Elctrical conncction is established between the said pivot: stud 1S and spring bracketor arm t2 and said contact-plate 20 by means of a wireconductor' ltl which passes through a suitable hole or passage {17 in said insulatorblock 1%, lie-same being insulated from contact with said band or collar 16 by means of a suitable insulator-sleeve 48. Connected between "said insulator-block 14 and the cylindrical :body-portion 2 is a suitable washer 49 which extends outwardly over the upper end of the said body-portion 2, and i the connected parts adjacent thereto, said w sher 49 being made preferably of an 1n sulating material and serving to prevent accidental electrical contact of said' drical body 2, raises the temperature of the same and thereby suddenly expands the air contained in theair-chamber 3. The expansion of the air in said air-chamber 3 causes an upward. and outward bulge of the diaphragin-member 8 which-is communi' cated to the diaphragm-disk 26' and its rod or stem the latter being caused to transmit an upward lift to said. spfing-arm 23 which brings in contact with said contactpoint 30, the contact-member 24, whereby the alarm or other circuit is operatively closed, will he clearly understood. The sensitivencss of the contact closing devices may be regulated by adjusting said contactpoint 30, in-ia manner which will be apparent from an inspection of the drawings.

(he cylindrical body 2 is provided with said airvent pipe 33 which communicates with said air-chamber 3, the purpose of sale vent-pipe being to provide a means for compensating the air-pressure in said air-chamher 3, during the course of the normal fluctuations of temperature, which fluctuations are generally slow or gradual in change. For example, as the temperature rises slowly, till. air which is in said air-chamber 3 will 'EXlmnd, but it will slowly escapethrough said vent-pipe with sufficient celerity to compcnsate or relieve any extraordinary or abnormal pressure upon the said diaphragmmcmber 8. The same is true upon the con traction of air in said air-chamber which is due to the lowering or falling temperature,

the air in which case being sucked through with the bu; s 5, which, when pressed. by the fingers, sudoenly compresses the air in the air-chamber 3, thus causing an operation of the diaphragm-member 8 and a closing of the contact--devices herein-above described, such operation affording a simple and etlicient means of testing the operativeness of the device and its proper electrical connection and operation in an alarm or other electrical circuit, as-will be clearly evident.

While the above device is shown and de scribed in an arrangement whereby an electrical circuit, normally broken, may be closed, nevertheless the'same may be arranged so as to reverse this operation, in other words, the same may be arranged to break a normally closed circuit, without de parting from the scope of my present invention.

I am aware that changes. may be made in the general arrangements'and combinations of the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the same, without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the. foregoing specification, and as defined in the claims which are-appended to the said speci 'fication. Hence, I do not limit my invention.

to the exact arrangements and combinations oi the said devices and parts as described 1n the said specification, nor do I confine myself to the exact details of the construction of the said parts as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. i I claim: 1. A deviceffor automatically closing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat, comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragm-member connected at one end of said body and in communication with said air-chamber, normally separated contact-devices arranged above said body and electrically connected in an alarm or other electric circuit, means operated by said diaphragm-men1ber for closing said normally separated contact devices, and means for compensating the normal fluctuations ot air-pressure in said air chamber caused by normal fluctuations of temperature, and a closurc member provided with a. bulge at the bottom of said hollow body for quickly compressing the air in said air-chamber, tooperate said diaphragmmember, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. A device for automaticallyclosing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat, comprising a hollow body providingan 'air-chamber, a diaphragnrmember connected at one end of 'said body and in communication with said air-chamber, a receiving socket in the upper end of said body above said diaphragm-member, an insulator-block supported. by said receivingsocket, a contact-plate, a spring-armcarry-j mg a contact-p1ece connected with said.con-

too

tact-plate, an adjustable contact-point sup aorted above said spring-arm, a pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with saidadjustable contact-point, a second pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connectediwith said contact plate and its spring-arn1, a pair of spring-brackets engaging said pivot-studs in supporting relation, said spring-brackets being electrically insulated one from the other, but in electrical contact with their respective pivot-studs,

means for connecting'said spring-brackets vber connected at one end of said body and in communication wit 1 said air-chamber,; a receiving socket in the upper end of said body above said diaphragm-member, an insulator-block supported by said receiving socket, a contact-plate, a spring-arm carry;

ihg a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, an adjustable contact-point sup ported above "said spring-arm, a pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with said adjustable contachpoint, a second pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with said contact-plate and its spring arm, a pair of spring-brackets engaging said pivot-studs in supporting relation, said spring-brackets being electrically insulated one from the other, but in electrical contact with their respective pivot studs, means for connecting said spririg-brackets in. an alarm or other circuit, means cooperating with said diaphragm-member for closing the contact of said springarm with said contact-point, and an air-vent pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication with said air-chamber for compensating the normal fluctuations of air pressure in said air-chamber, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. A device for automatically closing a electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat, comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said body and, in communication with said air-chamber, a receiving socketin the upper end of said body above said diaphragm-members, an i1 ..-:ulato1.'-block supported by said receiving socket, a contact-plate, 'a spring-arm marrying a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, an adjustable contact-point supported above said spring-arm, a pivotstud connected with said-insulator-block and electrically connected with said adjustable contact-point, asecond pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with said contact-plate and its spring-arm, a pair of spring brackets engaging said pivot-studs in supporting relation, said spring-brackets being electrically insulated one from the other, but in electrical contact with their respective pivotstuds, means for connecting said springbrackets in an alarm or other circuit, means cooperating with said diaphragnrmember for closing the contact of said spring-arin with said contact-point, and an air-vent pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication with said air-chamber forcompensating the normal fluctuations of airpressure in said air-chamber, and a 010 sure-member provided with a bulge atthe bottom of said hollow body for quickly compressing the air in said air-chamber'to 0perate said diaphragm-member, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

5. A device for automatically closing an electrical circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat, comprising a hollowbody providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said body and in communication with said air-cham-, her, a receiving socket in the upper end of said body above said diaphragm-member, an insulator-b1ock supported by said receiving socket, a contact-plate, a spring-arm car rying a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, an adjustable contact-point supported above said spring-arm, a'pivotstud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with said adjustable contact-point, a second pivot-stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically.

connected with said contact plate and its spring-arm, a pair of spring-brackets engaging said pivot-studs in supporting relation, I said spring-brackets being electrically insulated one from the other, but in electrical contact with their respective pivot-studs, means for connecting said spring brackets 'in an alarm or other circuit, means cobperatingwith said diaphragm-member for closing the contact of said spring-arm with said contact-point, comprising a diaphragm-disk in contact with said diaphragm membergaz rod or'stem extending upwardly therefrom and through a bearing-portion with-which said receiving socket is provided and a hole or opening with which-said insulator block is provided, the upper end of said rod or stem being in contact with said spring-arm of said contact-plate, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. A device for automatically closing an electrical circuit when subject to excessive or sudden heat, comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said body and iii-communication with said air-chain her, a receiving socket in the upper end of said body above said diaphrages-member, an insulator-block supported by said receiving SOCkBl it COl'ltfiCt' litt e 8- S zin -arm (331T arm, a pair of springbrackets engaging said ivot-studs in en ortin relation said spring-brackets being electrically insulated, one from the other, but in electrical contact with their respective pivot-studs, means for connecting said spring-brackets in an alarm or other circuit, means cooperating with said diaphragm-member for closing the contact of said. spring-arm with said contact-point,

comprising a diapnragm-disk in contact; with said diaphragm-member, a rod or stem extending upwardly therefrom and through a bearing-portion with which said receiving socket provided and hole or opening with which said insulator block is provided, the upper end of said rod or stem being in contact with said spring-arm of said contactplate, and an air -vent pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication with said air-chamber for compensating the normal fluctuations of air pressure in said air chamber, substantially as and for the purposes set torth.

7. A device for automatically closing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or-sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragm member connectedat one end of said body and in couununication with said air-charm her, a receiving socket in the upper end of said body above said diaphragm-meld her. an insulator-block supported by said receiving socket, a. contact-plate; a spring a rm czurving a. contact-piece connected with said contact-plane, an adjustable contactpoint supported above said S'Dl'll'lQfiUll'), a

pivot-stud connected with said i'nsulzumblock and electrically connected with said adjus able cont-,wt-point. a second pivot stud connected with said insulator-block and electrically connected with said contactplate and its HplfllljJf-tlllll. a pair of spring brackets engaging said pivotstuds in suppoi-lino rclaiions, said Hpriugdu'ucluiis bc inc ele trically iz'isulnlcd onclrom tl'ie oth r. but in electrical contact with their i'rlf-ljicclli'e pivots-Mule, means for connect in an alarm or iperatingg; with said div.phi-agnbnu-nubcr tor closing the contact ot said spring-arm with said contact-point,

comprising a diaphragmqiisk' in contact with said diaphragm-n1ember, a rod or stem extending 'luvwardly therefrom and through a bearingportion with which said receiving sccket is provided and a hole or opening with which said insulator block is provided, the upper "end of said rod or stem being in COZEUACC with said springer-n1 ofsaid contact-plate, an air-vent pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication with said air-chamber for compensating the normal. fluctuations of air-pressure in said air chamber. and a closure-member provided with a bulge at the bottom of said. hollow body for quickly compressing the air in said air-cha1nber to operate said diaphragm member, substantially as and for the pun poses set forth 8. A device for automatically closing an,

electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said air- Hchainber, means for supporting an insulator-block above said diaphragm-member, a diaphragm-disk arranged in connection with. said diaphragmanember,-an upwardly extending rod or stem connected with said diaphra nrdisk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insulator-block is provided, a contact-plate car ried by said insulator-block, a spring-arm carrying a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, a bridge-member carried by said insulator-block, and an adjustable contact-point carried by said bridge-member, means for supporting said insulatorblock and said hollow body and at the same time connecting in an alarm or other circuit said contact-plate and its spring-arm, and said bridge-member and its adjustable contact-point, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9, A device for automatically closing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air-ch'zunber, a diaphragrn member connected at one end of said aircha'mber, means for. supporting an insulator-block above said diaphragm-member, a diaphragm-disk arranged in connection with said diaphragm-member, an upwardly extending rod or stem connected with said iiiapbragm-disk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insur lator-block if; provided, ,a contact-plate can ried by said iusulator-bloclg, a spring-arm arrying a contact-piece connected with said (Ollltl-;t-})l:\t6, a bridge'member carricd by said insulator-block. an adjustable conta t point carried by said bridgeonembcr means tor supporting said insulatorbloclt and said hollow bmlyiand at the same time crmnectinn' in an alarm or other circuit said contac" plate and its spring" arm, and said brid e smaller and its adjustable con tact-part, and an airvent pipe connected w ith said hollow body' and in communication with said air-chamber for compensating the. normal fluctuations of air pressure in' said air-chamber, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. A. device for automatically closing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said airchamber, means for supporting an insulatorblock above'said diaphragm-member, a diaphragm-disk arranged in connection with said diaphragm-member, an upwardly extending rod or stem connected with said,

diaphragm-disk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insulator-block is provided, a contact-plate carried by said insulator-block, a spring-armcarrying a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, abridge-member carried by said insulator-block, an adjustable con tact point carried by said bridge-member, means ior supporting said insulator-block and said hollow body and at the sametime connecting in an alarm orother circuit said contact-plate and its spring-arm, and said bridge-member and its adjustable contactpoint, an air-vent pipe connected with said "hollow body and in communication with sa1d air-chamber for compensating the norj mal fluctuations of air pressure 1n said airtending rod" or stem connected with said diaphragm disk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insulatorblock is provided, a contact-plate carried by said insulator-block, a spring-arm carrying a contact-piece connected with said contactplate, a bridge-member carried by said in-' 'sulator-block, an adjustable contact point carried by said bridge-member, means for supporting said insulatorblock and saidhollow body'and at the same time connecting inan alarm or other circuit said contactplate and its spring-arm and said bridge member and, its adjustable contact-point,

comprising a pair of insulated springbrackets, each provided wlth means for'connecting the same 1nv said alarm-circuit,

pivot-studs connected with said insulatorblock, and engaging said respective springbrackets, means for electrically connecting one oif said pivot-studs'with said bridgemember and said adjustable contact-point, and means for electrically connecting the other of said pivotestuds with said contactand forthe purposes set forth.

12. A device for automatically closing an QlQGtIIC circuit when sub ected to excessive or sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air-chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said air chamber, means. for supporting an insulator-block above said diaphragm-inember, a diaphragm disk arranged in connection with said diaphragm-member, an upwardly extending rod or stem connected with said diaphragm-disk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insulatorblock is provided, a contact-plate carried by said insulator-block, a spring-arm carrying a contact piece connected with said contact-plate, a bridge-member carried by said insulator-block, an adjustable contact point carriedby said-bridge-member, means for sup orting" said insulator-block and said hollow hody ajnd at the same time connecting manalarm or other circuit said contact plate andiits spring-am, and said bridge-member and; its adjustable contactpoint, comprising a' pair of insulated spring-brackets; each provided with means for connecting the same in said alarm-circuit, pivot-studs connected with said insulator block, and engaging said respective spring-brackets, means for electricallyconnectingyone or said pivot-studs with said bridge-member and said adjustable COIltflCtpoint, and -means for electrically conncctinggtheother of said pivot-studs with said contact-plate and its springarm, and an air-vent pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication with said airchamber for compensating the normal fluctuations of air pressure in said airchamber, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

13. A device for automatically closing an electric circuit when subjected to excessive or sudden heat comprising a hollow body providing an air chamber, a diaphragmmember connected at one end of said airchamber, means for supporting an insulator-block above said diaphragm-member, a

diaphragm disk arranged in connection with said diaphragm-member, an upwardly extending rod or stem connected with said diaphragm-disk, the same passing through a hole or opening with which said insulator-block is provided, a contact-plate car ried by said insulator-block, a spring-arm carrying a contact-piece connected with said contact-plate, a bridge-member carried ,plateand its spring-arm, substantially as by said insulatol block, an adjustable conbridge-member and its adjustable contactpoint. comprising; a pair of insulated spring-brackets, each provided with means for connecting the same in said alarm-circuit, pivot-studs connected with said insulator-block, and engaging said respective spring-brackets, means for electrically connecting one of said pivot-studs With said bridgemember and said adjustable contactpoint. and means for electrically connecting the other' of said pivot-studs With said contact-plate and its spring-ar1n, an air-wen: pipe connected with said hollow body and in communication With said air-clnnnbei' for compensating the normal fluctuations oi" air pressure in said air-chamber, and a (:losui'e-membei' provided with a bILlQL at the bottom of said hollow body for quickly compressing the air in said air-chamber to operate said diaphragrnmiembei', substantially as and for the purposes set tortl'n In testimony, that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of January, 1911.

WILLIAM B. HUGHES. \Vitnessts Gnonon l). RICHARDS, Minfnnrimc Molnoo.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Pate t... Washington, I). C. 

